World Congress on Radiology and Oncology(10 Plenary Forums - 1Event) October 19-20, 2017 New York, USA

Cancers are a large family of diseases that involve abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Cancer cells are those cells whose cell division and growth is unregulated. When the natural killer cells fail to recognize them, they start malignant. When cancer cells start spread from one part to another it is called metastasis. Tumor cell starts its growth in tumor microenvironment which included blood cell, immune cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes etc. Symptoms of different cancers are depending upon the location of tumor. Cancer stem cells are stem cells which have the ability to give rise all type of cancer cells.

Cancer biomarkers are used to detect the natural course of a tumour and are used to assess chances of developing cancer. Biomarkers in cancer screening play an important role in cancer detection and risk assessment to reduce cancer deaths. Tumour biomarkers are used to detect cancer development and progression. Uterine cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, trophoblastic neoplasms and ovarian cancer are gynaecologic malignancies for which tumour markers are in clinical use. Effective cancer biomarkers are used to reduce cancer mortality rates by facilitating diagnosis of cancers at early stages. Cancer biomarkers can also be used in diagnosis, risk assessment and recurrence of cancer.

Radiology is a medical specialty that uses imaging to diagnose and treat diseases seen within the body. A variety of imaging techniques such as X-ray radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine including positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to diagnose and/or treat diseases. Interventional radiology is the performance of (usually minimally invasive) medical procedures with the guidance of imaging technologies.

The acquisition of medical images is usually carried out by the Radiographer, often known as a Radiologic Technologist. Depending on location, the Diagnostic Radiologist, or Reporting Radiographer, then interprets or "reads" the images and produces a report of their findings and impression or diagnosis.

Cancer treatments are medical therapies that claimed to treat cancer by different methods like surgery, chemotherapy, radiation oncology, and immunotherapy. Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging treatment method of cancer which uses viruses to destroy cancers. The recent development in genetic engineering techniques has been made using viruses to attack and destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy is a method of cancer treatments which uses chemical substances or chemotherapeutics drug to kill the cancerous cells. It is one of the major methods of medical oncology.

Bremsstrahlung is the major influence in most x-ray tubes with the exception of x-ray tubes for mammography. The purpose of mammography is to detect small, nonpalpable lesions in the breast. This requires a much higher image quality than normal x-ray imaging with respect to contrast and spatial resolution. Since contrast and resolution are affected by scattering, mammography tubes reduce bremsstrahlung by suitable filtering. Furthermore, mammography tubes use a material (Molybdenum) that produces an almost monochrome x ray with peak energies around 17 to 19 keV. This would be unwanted in regular x-ray imaging as most—if not all—of the radiation would be absorbed and not reach the receptor. For the breast, however, the use of low-energy beams increases the contrast between the subtle differences of different tissues. Using an (almost) monochromatic beam will also reduce scatter, which again increases contrast.

Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. Cancers are often managed through discussion on multi-disciplinary cancer conferences where medical oncologist, surgical oncologist, radiation oncologist, pathologist, radiologist and organ specific oncologists meet to find the best possible management for an individual patient considering the physical, social, psychological, emotional and financial status of the patients. It is very important for oncologists to keep updated of the latest advancements in oncology, as changes in management of cancer are quite common. All eligible patients in whom cancer progresses and for whom no standard of care treatment options are available should be enrolled in a clinical trial.

  Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology). Medical imaging seeks to reveal internal structures hidden by the skin and bones, as well as to diagnose and treat disease. Medical imaging also establishes a database of normal anatomy and physiology to make it possible to identify abnormalities. Although imaging of removed organs and tissues can be performed for medical reasons, such procedures are usually considered part of pathology instead of medical imaging.

Medical images are pictures of distributions of physical attributes captured by an image acquisition system. Most of today’s images are digital. They may be post processed for analysis by a computer-assisted method. Medical images come in one of two varieties: Projection images project a physical parameter in the lung disease in human body on a 2D image, while slice images produce a one-to-one mapping of the measured value. International radiology conferences explore the new technologies in medical images. Medical images may show anatomy including the pathological variation of anatomy if the measured value is related to it or physiology when the distribution of substances is traced. X-ray imaging, CT, Dynamic MRI, nuclear imaging, ultrasound imaging, and Cellular imaging is the study of living cells using time-lapse microscopy, photography. The discussion focuses on the relationship between the imaged physical entity and the information shown in the image, as well as on reconstruction methods and the resulting artifacts.

 Cancer pharmacology plays a key role in drug development. In both the laboratory and the clinic, cancer pharmacology has had to adapt to the changing face of drug development by establishing experimental models and target orientated approaches.

A cancer vaccine is a vaccine which treats cancer or prevents development of cancer. Vaccines that treat the cancer are known as therapeutic cancer vaccine. Currently no vaccines are able to prevent all cancer. Anti-viral vaccines like HPV vaccine and hepatitis B vaccines are useful to treat some types of cancers like cervical cancer, some liver cancer. Cancer vaccines are being developed for the treatments of different cancers like breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon and skin cancer. Most of cancer vaccines in development are specific for particular cancer types and are the therapeutic vaccines.

Radiation Oncology encompasses all aspects of research that impacts on the treatment of cancer using radiation. It publishes findings in molecular and cellular radiation biology, radiation physics, radiation technology, and clinical oncology.

The field of radiation oncology covers the integration of radiation therapy into multimodal treatment approaches. Radiation Oncology provides an open access forum for researchers and clinicians involved in the management and treatment of cancer patients, bringing together the latest research and advances in the field. Advances in treatment technology, as well as improved understanding of the underlying biological resistance mechanisms, will further strengthen the role of radiation oncology.

Surgical oncology is the branch of oncology which includes surgery applied to cancer or oncology. It focuses on the surgery of tumor cells or cancerous tumors. Surgery is often used to remove a breast cancer. In different types of cancer like melanoma and carcinoma, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer surgery is often needed to remove cancerous cells. There are more than 15 surgical oncology fellowship training program in USA. Thoracic oncologists and gynecologic oncologists are the surgeons who are having specialized in the field treating particular lung cancer and breast cancer respectively.

  Neuroradiology is a subspecialty of radiology focusing on the diagnosis and characterization of abnormalities of the central and peripheral nervous system, spine, and head and neck using neuroimaging techniques. Primary imaging modalities include computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Plain radiography is utilized on a limited basis and ultrasound is used in limited circumstances, in particular in the pediatric population. Angiography is traditionally used for diagnosis of vascular abnormalities or diagnosis and characterization of masses or other lesions but is being replaced in many instances by CT or MRI angiography and imaging.

Radiography is an imaging technique that uses electromagnetic radiation other than visible light, especially X-rays, to view the internal structure of a non-uniformly composed and opaque object (i.e. a non-transparent object of varying density and composition) such as the human body. To create the image, a heterogeneous beam of X-rays is produced by an X-ray generator and is projected toward the object. A certain amount of X-ray is absorbed by the object, which is dependent on the particular density and composition of that object.

Cancer drug targets against malignant cells by several mechanisms. Tissue-specific gene delivery using immune liposomes has been experimented with brain, and breast cancer tissue. Anti-cancer drug development is necessary to treat cancer and prevents development of a cancer. Vaccines that treat cancer are known as therapeutic cancer vaccines. There are currently no vaccines which is having the ability to prevent all cancers. The use of nanotechnology in cancer treatment offers some possibility of destroying tumors with minimal damage to healthy tissue with the detection and elimination of tumor cells.

  Discipline and in its widest sense, it is part of biological imaging and incorporates radiology which uses the imaging technologies of X-ray radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, medical ultrasonography or ultrasound, endoscopy, elastography, tactile imaging, thermography, medical photography and nuclear medicine functional imaging techniques as positron emission tomography (PET) and Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Measurement and recording techniques which are not primarily designed to produce images, such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and others represent other technologies which produce data susceptible to representation as a parameter graph vs. time or maps which contain data about the measurement locations. In a limited comparison these technologies can be considered as forms of medical imaging in another discipline.

Neuro-oncology is the study of brain and spinal cord neoplasms, many of which are (at least eventually) very dangerous and life-threatening (astrocytoma, glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, ependymoma, pontine glioma, and brain stem tumors are among the many examples of these). Among the malignant brain cancers, gliomas of the brainstem and pons, glioblastoma multiforme, and high-grade (highly anaplastic) astrocytoma are among the worst. In these cases, untreated survival usually amounts to only a few months, and survival with current radiation and chemotherapy treatments may extend that time from around a year to a year and a half, possibly two or more, depending on the patient's condition, immune function, treatments used, and the specific type of malignant brain neoplasm.

  Headways in our comprehension of the science of disease have advanced drastically over the previous decade. The utilization of front line sub-atomic profiling systems investigating the disease genome is clarifying a considerable measure of data. This information is presently being incorporated into an index that is giving analysts a progressive guide of the atomic components behind growth. Late achievements in tumor research are likewise being brought into the facility through the advancement of imaginative demonstrative innovations and focused on treatments. Lessons from the past, alongside novel restorative methodologies being created today, have animated an idealistic guarantee for tomorrow's battle against tumor.

Nursing oncology gives uncommon care to growth patients and those at hazard for getting the infection. They screen physical conditions, suggested medicine, and direct to chemotherapy and different medications. Oncology is a standout amongst the most difficult and fulfilling fields in nursing and no two presences at work are ever the same.

The way of oncology nursing care traverses the range from aversion and intense care through rehabilitative and palliative strong care as essential. Oncology caretakers can concentrate on chemotherapy, head and neck oncology, disease hereditary advising, anticipation and early discovery manifestation administration and palliative care.

 Breast growth is a destructive tumor that starts in the breast cells. Cells in the breast in some cases change, act by and large. The particular changes may vital to kind breast situations, for example, atypical hyperplasia and growths. They can likewise prompt tumors, for example, intraductal papilloma. Benevolent conditions and tumors are not harmful. Yet, at times, changes to breast cells can birthplace breast disease. Less normal sorts of breast growth can likewise create. These incorporate fiery breast tumor, Paget ailment in the areola district and triple negative condition and basal-like bosom diseases. Uncommon sorts of breast malignancy include non-Hodgkin lymphoma and sarcoma.

The most widely recognized sort of breast tumor is ductal carcinoma, which starts in the cells of the conduits. Breast tumor can likewise start in the cells of the lobules and in different tissues in the bosom. Ductal carcinoma in situ is a condition in which irregular cells are found in the coating of the pipes yet they haven't spread outside the pipe. Breast tumor that has spread from where it started in the conduits or lobules to encompassing tissue is called intrusive breast malignancy. In fiery breast tumor, the breast looks red and swollen and feels warm in light of the fact that the disease cells obstruct the lymph vessels in the skin.

Nuclear medicine is an endoradiology that uses radioactive substances and records the radiation that emits from within the body in order to diagnose and treat the diseases. For the diagnosis radiopharmaceuticals are taken internally either orally or intravenously. External detectors also called as gamma cameras capture and then form images by the use of radiopharmaceuticals from its radiation emitted. The AANMS (Australasian Association of Nuclear Medicine Specialists) is the main body representing nuclear medicine and molecular imaging in Australia and New Zealand. This imaging conference will be the greatest platform for nuclear medicine practitioners to collaborate with us and develop new partnership.

In computer- assisted tomography, a computer process the data received from radiation and constructs an image computationally and this technique is widely used as compared to conventional tomography because it can readily image both hard and soft tissues while conventional tomography is poor at imaging soft tissues. CT also called as X-ray computed tomography or computerized axial tomography (CAT scan) makes use of the computer processed combinations of X-ray images that are taken from different angles to produce tomographic images that can be manipulated to demonstrate various bodily structures that is based on their ability to block the X-ray beam. It has become an important tool in medical imaging to supplement medical ultrasonography and X-rays.

The term molecular imaging is originated from the field of radiopharmacology to understand the molecular pathways inside organisms in a  non-invasive manner. It helps in the visualisation of the  cellular function and follow up the molecular process in living organisms. This technique enables the diagnosis of diseases such as neurological, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This technique uses biomarkers to help image particular targets or pathways. Its ability to image fine molecular changes opens a wide range of exciting possibilities for various medical application.

Cancer which is the abnormal growth of cells has the potential to spread to other parts of the body. The researchers are developing new therapies  and with the help of imaging technologies, it is developing a way to restrict the growth of cells. Medical imaging aims in the management of patients with cancer. It has become an important element not only to detect the early cancer but it also helps in determining the stage of cancer.

Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (better known as PET-CT or PET/CT) is a nuclear medicine technique which combines, in a single gantry, a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner and an x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner, to acquire sequential images from both devices in the same session, which are combined into a single superposed (co-registered) image. Thus, functional imaging obtained by PET, which depicts the spatial distribution of metabolic or biochemical activity in the body can be more precisely aligned or correlated with anatomic imaging obtained by CT scanning. Two- and three-dimensional image reconstruction may be rendered as a function of a common software and control system.

X-rays are a type of radiation called electromagnetic waves. X-ray imaging creates pictures of the inside of your body. The images show the parts of your body in different shades of black and white. This is because different tissues absorb different amounts of radiation. Calcium in bones absorbs x-rays the most, so bones look white. Fat and other soft tissues absorb less, and look gray. Air absorbs the least, so lungs look black.

The most familiar use of x-rays is checking for broken bones, but x-rays are also used in other ways. For example, chest x-rays can spot pneumonia. Mammograms use x-rays to look for breast cancer.

When you have an x-ray, you may wear a lead apron to protect certain parts of your body. The amount of radiation you get from an x-ray is small. For example, a chest x-ray gives out a radiation dose similar to the amount of radiation you're naturally exposed to from the environment over 10 days.

The discovery of X-rays and the invention of CT represented major advances in medicine. X-ray imaging exams are recognized as a valuable medical tool for a wide variety of examinations and procedures. They are used to:

• noninvasively and painlessly help to diagnosis disease and monitor therapy;
• support medical and surgical treatment planning; and
• guide medical personnel as they insert catheters, stents, or other devices inside the body, treat tumors, or remove blood clots or other blockages

PET-CT has revolutionized medical diagnosis in many fields, by adding precision of anatomic localization to functional imaging, which was previously lacking from pure PET imaging. For example, many diagnostic imaging procedures in oncology, surgical planning, radiation therapy and cancer staging have been changing rapidly under the influence of PET-CT availability, and centers have been gradually abandoning conventional PET devices and substituting them by PET-CTs. Although the combined/hybrid device is considerably more expensive, it has the advantage of providing both functions as stand-alone examinations, being, in fact, two devices in one.
 

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures of organs and structures inside the body. In many cases, MRI gives different information about structures in the body than can be seen with an X-ray, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scan. MRI also may show problems that cannot be seen with other imaging methods.

For an MRI test, the area of the body being studied is placed inside a special machine that contains a strong magnet. Pictures from an MRI scan are digital images that can be saved and stored on a computer for more study. The images also can be reviewed remotely, such as in a clinic or an operating room. In some cases, contrast material may be used during the MRI scan to show certain structures more clearly.