Day 3 :
- Track 1: Acquisition of Radiological Images
Session Introduction
Jiani Hu
Wayne State University, USA
Title: Can we improve MRI detection sensitivity by 2 to 3 orders?
Biography:
Jiani Hu’s research interests include the development of MR spectroscopy and its utilization in studying metabolic changes that take place in diseases tissue. He is currently studying: West Nile disease, Breast Cancer and Neuromuscular Disorders.
Abstract:
Introduction: MRI features complex signals and is capable of providing both magnitude and phase information. Unlike MR magnitude information, MR phase information had been largely discarded due to its high sensitivity to susceptibility related field variations and resultant blooming effect that often severely degrades the quality of phase images. However, considering a new point of view, this information may also have the potential to provide indirect information on an ultra-small object that is two to three orders smaller in size than those currently detectable with MRI. In this study, we report our study on the feasibility of improving MRI detection sensitivity by 2 to 3 fold using the combination of phase blooming effects and high susceptibility of MRI contrast agents. Results: The resolution of phantom images was 0.5x0.5x2 mm3. Total acquisition time was 14:52 minutes. TE was 20 ms. The susceptibility difference ∆χ between the straw and background gel was estimated to be about 3.8ppm. Blooming effect was about 8.0 times larger in radius for the ferritin filled straw. This translated into a 512 times increase in 3D volume relative to the size shown in magnitude. There are about 14 such small bubbles in this single slice that are visible in the phase image but only two can be positively identified in magnitude image while the others were either barely visible or not seen at all. The straw phantom results strongly demonstrate the spatial extensibility of the phase blooming effect, and the capability of utilizing this effect for detecting small objects that MRI magnitude images fail to detect. It is important to note that the susceptibility changes caused by air are smaller than ferritin, P904 or other SPIO nanoparticles. This suggests that even smaller objects than those bubbles can be detected if they were filled with SPIO. Discussion: Our theoretical investigation and in vitro model study have demonstrated the feasibility of using blooming effect to image an ultra-small object that is two to three orders smaller than those currently detected with MRI. We are currently performing in vivo experiments to determine whether this is the case for in vivo animal models. Improving spatial resolution is a constant goal in tumor detection. The significance of early cancer detection is well known: Favorable clinical outcomes can be achieved for many cancers using existing medical techniques if the cancer can be detected in its early stages.
Fatemeh Nasri
Khatam hospital, Iran
Title: Evaluation of multi-slice computed tomography in assessment of cochlear implant electrode position
Biography:
Fatemeh Nasri received her medical doctor degree as top one percent from Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran, in 2007, and the medical speciality degree in Radiology from Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran, in 2012. She worked as an assistant professor in Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Science from 2012 to 2013, and as a general radiologist in Khatam Hospital, Iranshahr University of Medical Science, Iran from 2013 to 2015. She then moved to Toronto, ON where she is doing research on head and neck radiology, congenital inner ear dyspepsia, and new diagnostic imaging modalities. She is also interested in women and musculoskeletal imaging.
Abstract:
Cochlear implant has become the standard therapy to rehabilitate patients with severe to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The position of the electrode in the scala and the depth of its insertion have been shown to be predicting factors of hearing outcomes. This article serves to review the multi-slice computed tomography imaging characteristics and appearance of cochlear implant, their exact position and the depth of insertion in children who underwent cochlear implant surgery. Moreover, in order to evaluate the impact of electrode position on clinical results following the cochlear implant surgery, in this study we also compared the findings about the electrode location with the results of audiometry of children after one year of follow up to find the best location of the electrode, which results in better audiometric outcomes.
Allan Felipe Fattori Alves
Bioscience Institute of University, Brazil
Title: Ischemic stroke detection through image processing techniques
Biography:
Allan Felipe Fattori Alves has completed his Master’s degree from University Estadual Paulista, Brazil. He is currently a PhD student at University Estadual Paulista. His main research lines are image quality evaluation in digital radiography systems and dosimetry applied to interventional radiology. He has experience in quality control of X-ray equipments and quality assurance management in hospital routines.
Abstract:
Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. The early diagnosis of both types is essential to avoid irreversible cerebral damage. Non-Enhanced Computed Tomography (NECT) is one of the main diagnostic techniques used to detect strokes. NECT has a wide accessibility to the population, although it is relatively insensitive in detecting acute and small cortical or subcortical infarctions. The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is a subjective method of analysis which associated to an adequate CT “windowing and leveling†may increase the detection rate. In this research, we proposed the implementation of an image segmentation system to enhance ischemic stroke and quantify the area and volume of these lesions in NECT. We used different image processing techniques such as morphological filters, discrete wavelet transform and fuzzy c means clustering and developed an automatic computed algorithm to process all images. Subjective analyzes were performed by a neuroradiologist according to the ASPECTS score. These subjective analysis results were compared with objective analyzes performed by the computational algorithm. We evaluated 10 patients with NECT examinations diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Preliminary results indicate that the morphological filters actually improve the ischemic areas. The comparison in area of the ischemic region contoured by the neuroradiologist and the defined area by computational algorithm showed no deviations greater than 12% in any exams. These results show the importance of a computer aided diagnosis software to assist neuroradiology decisions, especially in critical situations such as ischemic stroke.
Biography:
Baosheng Li has completed his PhD/MD in 2004 from Southeast University. He is the Director of the Department of Radiation Oncology and Vice President of Shandong Cancer Hospital. He has published more than 150 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of several journals.
Abstract:
This study was to compare toxicities, disease control and survival outcomes for limited disease small-cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC) treated with simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) versus conventional accelerated hyper-fractionated radiotherapy. All the patients received 4-6 cycles of platinum plus etoposide. In the SIB-IMRT group (group A) irradiation was given accelerated hyper-fractionated with the dose 57Gy at 1.9Gy twice daily to the gross tumor volume, 51Gy at 1.7Gy twice daily to the clinical tumor volume and 45Gy at 1.5Gy twice daily to the Planning Target Volume (PTV). In the conventional accelerated hyper-fractionated radiotherapy group (group B) the dose was 45Gy in 30 fractions at 1.5Gy twice daily to the PTV. Total of 73 patients were enrolled in the study (35 group A, 38 group B). The white blood cell depression was significantly more common in patients who received SIB-IMRT (P<0.001) and the differences of the other toxicities were not significant between the two groups (P＞0.05). There was a trend toward improved local control for the group A, with an estimated 2-year loco regional recurrence-free survival at 73.8% versus 66.4% for the group A versus the group B, respectively (p=0.350). The median progression free survivals were 29.3 months and 24 months, respectively (p=0.080). The median overall survivals were 37.7 months and 31.9 months, respectively (p=0.108). In one word, SIB-IMRT was well-tolerated in patients with LD-SCLC, and demonstrated a potency to get better progression free survival. It is worth further evaluating in large prospective clinical trials.
N. Purna Chander Reddy
Apollo Health Street, India
Title: CT scan – Automatic tube current modulation
Biography:
Purna Chander Reddy is a Consultant -Principle at Apollo Health Street / Sutherland Healthcare Solutions which is based at India. He has total of 14 years of Radiology field experience. His main area of research interest is radiography and imaging.
Abstract:
AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the dose difference and state the significance of Automatic Tube Current Modulation (ATCM) in abdominal MDCT examination while maintaining optimum image quality for diagnosis. Results: The varying in MAS values according to ACS for different body counter of the patients was observed. In group A resulted in estimations of dose saving in range of 10-27 %.In group B 8.1-36.6 %, in group C 8.3-33.4%, group D 5.7-19 % with application of ATCM technique. The overall radiation output results shown for forty patients as follows the least is 5.7% and highest is 36.6%.According my study statistics shows there is no correlation between BMI and the estimated dose savings. • Radiation Dose reduction Up to 36.6% was achieved with acceptable diagnostic image quality. • Reduces over all irradiation time. • Helps in reduce stochastic and genetic effects. • Helps in Not only reduce the patient dose as well as occupational dose. • Scan duration is less compare to standard protocol so we can save the time at clinical side. • Effective in breath hold scans (Coronary Angio, Pulmonary Angio, Thorax and Abdomen). • Required dose is applied according to patient body counter. • Helps in decrease scan time in uncooperative and trauma patients. • I conclude that according to the observed results. Aim of the study To compare the dose difference and state the significance of Automatic Tube Current Modulation (ATCM) in abdominal MDCT examination while maintaining optimum image quality for diagnosis. Conclussion The use of Automatic Tube Current Modulation (angular dose modulation and z-axis dose modulation) helps in
Biography:
Waqas Hussain has completed his bachelor’s degree at the age of 24 years from Air University, Islamabad. The research paper of Mr. Waqas manages to attain 3rdp position in the international conference on energy systems and policies (icesp-2014). He developed 3d-model for world wide fund which is an UK based organization. Presented his research papers in different international research based conferences (turkey, Dubai and Pakistan). Currently we have minimum one million hospitals all over the world but none of them have an application catering to sperm morphology. So, now, he is working on this idea using computer graphics and computer vision algorithms.
Abstract:
Currently we have minimum one million hospitals all over the world but none of them have an application catering to sperm morphology. Microscopic evaluation of human sperm quality is a basic requirement of any diagnostic Fertility service, assisted conception (IVF) center or pathology laboratory. Human sperm is evaluated in terms of three key features, namely concentration (sperm count), motility (sperm speed) and morphology (individual sperm shape). Conventional manual microscopic analysis of sperm samples is time consuming (1-2 hours) and lacks accuracy and reproducibility in many IVF centers. Motility and concentration are handled with variable degrees of efficiency (Tomlinson et al 2010) but morphological or individual sperm health and abnormality detection is still missing from the automated software tools. The manual testing for morphology in labs according to world health organization (WHO) standards is labeled flawed by the anthology and fertility researchers due to the following Problems: 1. A dye has to be injected in the immobilized sample so the microscope can pick the Sperms heads well at 1000x magnifications using oil immersion. The dye may transform. The natural morphological characteristics of the original cells. 2. Too much time has to be consumed as 1000x magnification means looking at only a couple of sperms per slide. And if we follow WHO standards at least 200 sperms have to be analyzed, so a lot of images form the microscope has to be taken and processed.